Why are France and its Western counterparts facing difficulties in the Sahel?
Stretching from Mauritania to Eritrea, the Sahel is one of Africa’s most fragile regions. For years, France was seen as a stabilizing force—a partner to fragile states, a barrier against terrorism, and a protector of Western interests. Today, this vision is collapsing under political disruption, local resentment, and a changing global landscape. What was supposed to strengthen France’s ties with Africa has become a burden, exposing military and diplomatic limitations. While many experts cite conflict, poverty, unemployment, democratic failure, and climate stress, these outcomes were predictable. France’s first intervention came in 2013 at Mali’s invitation to stop terrorist advances toward the capital. Operation Serval was initially welcomed by most Malians. However, France’s failure in the Sahel stems from cumulative political neglect, lack of transparency, and paternalistic behavior. Without decisive regional and international action, instability will worsen.
What are the root causes of the Sahel’s issues?
Climate stress is often blamed, and drought has worsened hardship. But the Sahel’s role in global geopolitics is key. The region holds vast resources—minerals, oil, and gas—that attract global powers. As early as 1957, leaders noted immense riches beneath the sand. Today, France, Russia, China, and others compete for influence. This rivalry, combined with weak governance and poverty, fuels conflict. The official narrative of fighting terrorism has shifted, raising doubts about real motives. Why deploy overwhelming force against small militant groups? Strategic interests, not security alone, seem to drive engagement.
How can France and its Western counterparts repair their relationship with the Sahel?
France’s image in the Sahel is badly damaged but repairable. It requires cultural, political, and psychological change. Above all, France must abandon condescending attitudes. Operation Barkhane, launched in 2014, was widely seen as a neocolonial project, worsening tensions. Moving forward, France and its allies should acknowledge colonial legacies and past mistakes. They must respect regional bodies like the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) and ECOWAS instead of bypassing them. Genuine dialogue—not imposed solutions—is essential.
How can France and its allies open a channel for constructive dialogue with the AES?
Not all Sahelian communities oppose France or the West. Trust will grow through humility and cooperation. Development programs should take priority over military campaigns. Local voices must shape solutions, and benefits should reach ordinary people—not just elites. Academic institutions and civil society can foster honest communication. The principle is simple: listen more, lecture less. Replace paternalism with partnership to turn the Sahel from a zone of crisis into a region of opportunity.
About the author: Amadou Beidy Sow is a senior lecturer of Bamana in the Hamilton Lugar School’s African Studies Program.